Introduction: Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen in humans. Strains of Salmonella spp. that producing extended-spectrum β-Lactamases have become a concern in medicine regarding both antimicrobial treatment and infection control program. The objective of this study was detection of ESBL (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) genes and clas I, II and III Integrons in the Salmonella spp., isolated from pediatric patients in Tehran, Iran.\nMaterials and Methods: In the present study, we obtained 405 non-duplicative stool samples from pediatric cases in Tehran, Iran. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion and ESBL phenotype was confirmed by the double disk synergy test. M-PCRs were conducted using the DNA amplification for detection of ESBLs (TEM, CTX-M and SHV) and int (I, II, III) genes.\nResults: Out of 405 stool samples, 54 (13.4%) Salmonella were obtained. The highest resistance rate were related to the NA (51%), followed by SXT (50%), CTX (46%), AK (36%), and CHL (20%). DDST was conducted for all tested isolates and 7 (12.9%) Salmonella spp., showed that ESBL phenotype. Molecular analysis of ESBLs genes showed, 5 (9.3 %) of isolates were carried blaTEM-1 which belonged to the S. infantis and S. typhimurium. Three (5.5%) non-typeable isolates and 2 S. typhimurium were positive for the CTX-M gene. The prevalence of different classes of integrons showed that 23 (42.5%) isolates carried the integrase (int) gene. \nConclusion: This study demonstrates the predominant presence of the TEM and CTX-M genes in the Salmonella. So, class I integrons were more prevalent than class II and III in Salmonella isolates. They can transmit to bacteria of this genus or even other genera of enteric bacteria.

In this paper we describe an online Mexican program for the professional development of Latin America mathematics teachers. Drawing from Communities of Practice Wenger’s (1998) theory, we conceptualize the program as an online learning community. Based on three basic dimensions of communities of practice (Domain, Community, and Practice) we describe how this online learning community operates to foster the professional development of mathematics teachers.

Introduction: Although chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition characterized by numerous \nankle sprains and the recurring sensation of ankle instability, which result in activity limitations and \nparticipation restrictions, repetition based balance- training protocols may improve the deficits often \nassociated with CAI. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of repetition based \nbalance- training protocols on movement control, balance and performance in females with CAI.\nMethods: A total of 30 female physically healthy young adults (age= 26.9± 2.77 years, height= \n172.3± 6.13 cm, weight= 70.21± 6.33 kg, body mass index= 22.14± 1.9) were selected for this study\nand divided into control and experimental groups. Before and after the intervention, participants \nwere pretested by completing the Mischiati (2015) test for movement control, Y balance test for \nbalance and the Figure-8 hop and triple- crossover hop for performance. We conducted paired and \nsample t tests on any significant findings.\nResults: The repetition- based balance protocol group improved the movement control (P=0.004), \nbalance (P=0.006) and the performance (Figure-8 hop (P=0.001) and triple- crossover hop \n(P=0.003)). \nConclusion: Despite some limitation, the findings clearly support the use of repetition- based \nbalance training exercises to improve movement control and performance in females with CAI. \nThus, future researchers should consider not only larger sample sizes but also longer- duration \ntraining programs to ensure the presence of notable adaptations in sensorimotor control that can.