O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a eficiência dos campos de petróleo onshore, que compõem a bacia potiguar, no período de 2014 a 2016. O modelo dinâmico da análise envoltória de dados (DDEA) foi delineado para avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental por meio da interação entre as variáveis de entrada (Poços verticais, Poços direcionais, Grau API e Idade), variável intermediária (Produção de petróleo) e variáveis de saída (Volume de água produzida). O modelo DDEA utilizado segue a abordagem dinâmica conceituada por Kao (2013). Para efeitos de redução de variabilidade dos dados, optou-se por analisar os campos com produção de óleo de até 1000 m3 (19 DMUs). Os resultados permitem afirmar que os campos apresentaram índices de eficiência global em torno de 34%, o que denota uma baixa preocupação efetiva relacionada a sustentabilidade.

Abstract\nIntroduction. There are several agents with mucolytic properties. The main effect of these compounds is related to reduce viscosity of sputum. Seven years ago we observed a lot of children who presented in emergency department of paediatrics that the main symptoms were cough, wheezing, bronchospasm, and sometime reflex vomiting. [17, 18, 19] The intensity and duration of cough and bronchospasm were strongly linked to orally use of carbocysteine. Based on the similarility in pharmacology profile between carbocysteine and acetylcysteine we hypothesed that these symptoms as being adverse drug reactions of carbocysteine. Material and method. Two years ago we noted the same symptoms after use of carbocysteine, acetylcysteine, and ambroxol hydrochloride in children. We tried to establish if a relationship between the use of these three mucolytic drugs and exaggereted cough or/and bronchospasm in children can be done. This time we focused on 220 paediatric subjects receiving one of the three mucolytic drugs: acetylcysteine, carbocysteine or ambroxol or even a combination of these agents. The patients were recorded within a six month period using a special sheet provided by European Medicine Agency. The statistical evaluation was carried out using chi square test. Results and comments. The use for a few days of any of three agents was associated with prolonged coughing, the development of wheezing and even acute asthma episode. By the age subgroup distribution we can emphasize that a significant percentage of children belongs to 1-2 years category (37.73%, 83 cases), folowed by the 3-4 years subgoup (24.09%, 53 cases). Other important aspect regard to use of mucolytic drugs in children is the presence and misuse of those three mentioned drugs in the management of respiratory infections or other respiratory diseases of infants: 38 cases in 0-1 years category. All three mucolytic agents are responsible for admission into the hospital in a great proportion: 43 of 48 admitted children. Conclusions. These drugs elicits an irritating effect on the airways, thus, they should be used with caution in children. In cases of asthma, recurrent wheezing or upper and lower respiratory tract infection the use of N-acetylcysteine, carbocysteine, and ambroxol should be avoided. Orally administered, these agents are relatively well tolerated, but clinical studies in chronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis have been disappointing. [10] Overall, we believe that the use of carbocysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and ambroxol hydrochloride in children exceeds the therapeutic benefit.

Structural failure is one of the concerns of earth scientists in the in the recent time. Most of the building engineers neglect investigation into the subsurface structure prior to construction without taking into cognizance the soil type and its variation which is one of the contributing factors to frequent building collapse in this era. Integrated geophysical methods involving ground magnetic, Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were adopted with a view to investigating into the integrity of a reclaimed open dumpsite in Oyo for civil engineering worthiness. Three (3) traverses were occupied for ground magnetic and VLF-EM survey. A total length of 100 m was occupied in each traverse along E-W orientation with inter-station spacing of 10 m. Six (6) VES stations were occupied along two geoelectric profiles in the study area. The ground magnetic study showed magnetic highs and lows both on the profiles and the generated 2-D map. The magnetic highs are competent zones for civil engineering construction while magnetic lows are incompetent zones. The VLF result revealed conductive and non-conductive zones. More than half of the area of study is characterized with conductive signatures. Conductive zones are regarded as the incompetent zones while the non-conductive zones are regarded as competent zones. The VES result showed that the five out of six VES points occupied are underlain with fractured bedrock while only VES 3 showed fresh bedrock. It is concluded that the study area unsuitable for the construction of giant structures.

Atmospheric gases attenuation become a major concern on earth-space path at higher frequencies both uplink and down link at 0.01% unavailability of an average year. Moreover, few studies of non-rainy attenuation have been reported and the statistical analysis is still not clear most especially in West Africa. The meteorological data used in this study is obtained from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellites between 2002 and 2009, while the International Telecommunication Union Radio Propagation Recommendation (ITU-RP 676) model is used to validate and estimate gaseous attenuation for West Africa. The results show on contour map that total atmospheric absorption signal fade attenuation values at C band is between 0.015 to 0.09 dB, Ku band is 0.04 to 0.9 dB, Ka band is 0.04 to 1.4 dB and V band is 0.2 to 3.2 dB respectively for both uplink and downlink frequencies. The results also show consistent increase in attenuation due to gases are higher in the western region than in the southern part of West Africa.