Plant parasitic nematodes cause a great damage to all agricultural crops; they infect all parts of plant and cause reduction in yield. Synthetic (pesticides) nematicides have been used lately to combat the menace of nematodes on farmlands. Pesticide residues have been detected in fruits and vegetables due to persistence of nematicides in the environment. The disadvantages of pesticide use have brought about interest in alternative methods of managing plant parasitic nematodes. In this regard decayed and fresh stem bark of Anacardium occidentale were extracted, isolated and characterized. The crude extract and isolates were tested for nematicidal activity. Significant (p=0.05) differences were observed in the activity of the extracts. The isolated compounds from fresh extract (ANCO/FRS/CMP) and decayed extract (ANCO/DCD/CMP) of stem bark of A. occidentale extract exhibited higher juvenile mortality and reduced egg hatch whereby the activity of the isolated compound from decayed bark extract was significantly higher. The crude extract (ANCO/FRS/CRD and ANCO/DCD/CRD) had weaker nematicidal activity. Spectroscopic results revealed that microbial action on the buried stem bark produced a different compound which exhibited the nematicidal effect

The typical Neogene, sandstone hydrocarbon system, from Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System (Europe) is described. Geological settings influenced the production history as well as injection and separation field’s equipment. Applied technological solution provided the long hydrocarbon production with high recovery, despite reservoir heterogeneity and large portion of pelitic detritus.

Flow from the pipe outlets under high head of water, emerges in the form of straight, concentrated shooting jet. Hydraulic structures called stilling basin have to be provided for reducing the energy of high-velocity flow to prevent erosion of the natural bed downstream and banks of river or cannel, so that the flow beyond the basin does not endanger the stability of bed and banks of the downstream channel. Experimental investigation leading to the development of new stilling basin model design for non circular pipe outlet using triangular splitter block along with USBR VI impact wall and sloping end sill reported in this paper. On the basis of present study, newly stilling basin design has been compared with USBR VI stilling basin. The main aim of this research paper is to present an experimental study for the purpose of improving the performance of USBR VI stilling basin for a non circular pipe outlet by developing new physical models in the laboratory. The new models were tested in a rectangular shaped pipe outlet of size 10.8 cm x 6.3 cm, for Froude numbers, namely Fr = 1.85,2.85&3.85 in comparison to USBR VI stilling basin model recommended for the pipe outlets. The new models have been developed by putting the triangular splitter block, while keeping the other configuration of stilling basin geometry same as suggested by USBR VI stilling basin. The scour pattern was measured for each test run. The performance of the basin was compared by performance index (PI). After twelve test runs, it is found that, for a given Froude number range, by inserting the triangular splitter block with same impact wall along with end sill, the performance of stilling basin is improved and also the length of the newly developed basin is reduced to 29% as compared to USBR VI stilling basin for a given flow conditions

High voltage energy transmissions to minimize the energy losses are made. The connection of high voltage networks, control and supply are made of the most important places where substations. Using this equipment in the field that allows you to move along with the increasing of voltage and high currents, some problems arise. This problem is especially of the currents and the temperature distribution of the materials through the distribution of the material leads to energy losses and hence unavailable about the lack of proper efficient. They also continue to threaten the security of the system. Substations expansion connectors are planned to be developed within the scope of this study aims to reduce energy losses and vulnerabilities as much as possible. In this study, criteria for determining the optimal expansion connector dimensions in accordance with the relevant regulations have been developed and tested for energy sustainability and production ease. As a result, the required connector dimensions and manufacturing conditions have been improved to make the current and temperature distribution uniform.

The characterization of growth pattern in organism is essential for body growth studies and pest management. A simple empirical mathematical technique is demonstrated here to understand the reproductive maturity age, mortality and whether the body growth is determinate or indeterminate, by incorporating a time dependent growth function G(t). This growth function for male and female grasshoppers Ceracris nigricornis laeta (Bol.) in Eastern Himalayan region (at Darjeeling, West Bengal, India) is estimated from time data of their body weight and length and consequently the nature of the growth is predicted. The theoretical approach introduced here is not only successfully tested on the grasshopper but also on male Moorish Tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) and Rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) using the existing experimental data. Therefore this technique not only enriches the growth biology but also contributes in ecology and pest management.

Even if it is less polluting than other farm sectors, grape growing management have to adopt measures for mitigate GHG emissions and to preserve the quality of grapevine by-products. In viticulture, by land and crop management GHG emissions can be reduced through adjusting methods of tillage, fertilizing, harvesting, irrigation, vineyard maintenance, electricity, natural gas, and the transport until the wine marketing, etc. Besides CO2, in vineyards are produced nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), released from fertilizers and waste/wastewater management. As main GHG in vineyards, N2O can have the same harmfully action like large quantities of CO2. Carbon can be found in grape leaves, shoots, and even fruit pulp, roots, canes, trunk or soil organic matter. C-sequestration in soil by using less tillage and tractor passing is one of the efficient methods to reduce GHG in vineyards, with the inconvenient that many years are need for detectable changes. In last decades, among other methods, cover crops have been used as one of the most efficient way to reduce GHG emissions and increase fertility in vineyards. Even we analyze many references there are still limited information on practical methods in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in viticulture. The aim of the paper is to review the main GHG emissions produced in vineyards and approached methods for their reduction, in order to maintain the quality of grapes and other by-products.