Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the commonest metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from deficiencies in insulin secretion or action or both. Experimental models of diabetes have been developed by using drugs such as Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Aim: To test the induction of diabetes in mice by STZ dissolved in distilled water study the histological and immunohistochemical alterations in adrenal gland of albino mice due to STZ-induced diabetes. Methods: Two groups of mice were used. G1control group, G2 diabetic group treated with STZ dissolved in distilled water. After 24 hour of STZ injection, diabetes was detected using blood strips by Accu Chick Performa device. Histological sections stained with H and E and immunohistochemical detection of caspase-3 for adrenals were done. Results: Animals of G2 developed DM after 24 hours. The cortical zones and medulla of adrenal exhibited severe histopathological lesions in response to diabetes confirmed by the impaired immunoreactivity of caspase-3. Conclusion: The presence of histopathological changes with abnormal immunohistochemical changes provides a reference for the diabetic complications.

In the present paper some rocks were collected from Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Thermoluminescence technique utilized to investigate the TL-properties of the collected sample. Makkah rock sample revealed a peak at 155°C its, peak position changed with the change of the dose. Chemical analysis of Makkah rocks were achived by using XRF technique. The natural fading, the effect of temperature on the ability of the sample to store the TL-signal and the optimum grain size of the sample were studied. The kinetic parameters were calculated by using the initial rise method. The TL-signal exhibits a linear response through the gamma dose range 10Gy-10KGy. In this range of exposure the sample under study can be considered as an accidental dosimetry.

In this paper, the fractional order epidemic model of a dengue fever is considered. This\narticle only provide the numerical solution of the concerned model with the help of Laplace Adomian\ndecomposition method(LADM). We obtain the solutions of the fractional differential equations\ninvolved in the model in the form of infinite series. The concerned series rapidly converges to its\nexact value. Then, we compare our results with the results obtained by Runge-Kutta method in\ncase of integer order derivative

A comparison of RF and DC glow discharges treated CR-39 polymer films gives insight into the mechanism of these surface processes. The surface properties of the plasma-treated samples are examined using contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), infra red (IR) spectroscopy and refractive index measurements.\nIt is found that the plasma treatment modify the polymer surface in both morphology and composition. Results show that the surface wettability is significantly enhanced after plasma treatment.\nIt is found that, RF plasma is more effective in CR-39 surface modification than DC plasma as it can modify the surface more uniformly, implant more oxygen atoms into the surface and make the contact angle decline to a lower level.

This research investigates the relationship between public and private investment in Pakistan. The analysis is conducted by using the VAR and Granger causality test on 35 years annual data of Pakistan. The empirical results of the crowding-in verses crowding-out hypothesis explained that in both long-run and short-run public and private investments are positively related. Private investment and GDP were also positively and significantly related with each other. Moreover, public investment positively crowded-in private investment in Pakistan. It shows that both types of investment are complementary to each other. The causality test reveals that there does exit a bi-directional causality between private and public investment, it proves that both public and private sectors move side by side in the economy and facilitates each other. Therefore, appropriate measures should be under taken to stimulate the private investment. It means that government should provide infrastructural facilities to enhance private investment. In the current scenario of economic uncertainty, the pump-priming approach by the government can encourage the private sector.

En el Golfo de California, México, las poblaciones del bivalvo Spondylus limbatus empezaron a explotarse desde 2009. A pesar de esto solo se ha publicado un estudio sobre su abundancia, por esta razón, en este trabajo se estimó la densidad de S. limbatus en seis bancos de pesca representativas de esta zona. Se evaluaron los efectos de la profundidad, la rocosidad y el tamaño de los individuos respecto a la densidad en cada banco de pesca. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de las densidades entre bancos. Se observó una disminución continua de la densidad de norte a sur la cual se ajustó a un modelo potencial. Los resultados muestran que a bajas densidades la variabilidad de S. limbatus en número y tamaños es menor. Asimismo, hay evidencias que indican que las condiciones más favorables para la especie se dan hacia la región norte, en los bancos de Agua Verde, donde se registró el sustrato más rocoso, las densidades de individuos fueron más altas y predominaron los organismos de mayor tamaño. Debido a que las densidades de S. limbatus son adecuadas para su aprovechamiento comercial, su extracción puede realizarse de manera sustentable y con un enfoque de recuperación poblacional. Este estudio se propone como línea base para la evaluación y el monitoreo de las poblaciones de la especie a través del tiempo y contribuye al planteamiento de los lineamientos generales para fijar la factibilidad y los términos de su aprovechamiento.