With the explosive growth in mobile data traffic, driven by new generation of Heterogonous Network (Hetnet), next generation network face great challenges to meet these overwhelming requirements of capacity. In the meantime, these exponential demands for higher data traffic and rapidly increasing number of wireless users leads towards increase in power consumption and operating cost of wireless networks. One of the most potential solutions to address these issues to introduce small cells overlaid by macro cell. Small cells will not only improve overall capacity but will also provide better coverage. However, the random, un-coordinated and dense deployment of small cell raised some important question about Energy Efficiency (EE) of current wireless networks. For improving EE of current heterogamous network, BS sleep mode strategies are gaining momentum in recent years. To achieve this target, we have proposed a sleep mode strategy which opportunistically switch on/off the small base stations while maintaing the desired Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we investigate the design and related trades-off of energy efficiency of Hetnets through small cell BS sleep strategies. We have used the tools from stochastic geometry to derive the expressions for EE and the desired QoS by a randomly selected user, in terms of outage probability and delay. In addition, we have also considered the element of delay consideration for better QoS experience by users. Results and simulations confirm the effectiveness of proposed sleep strategies. Nevertheless, the proposed scheme has relatively larger computation complexity but will with the improvements of approximately 75% in energy efficiency, proposed scheme outperforms the other techniques.
Construction industry plays a centric role in any countries development. It contributes significantly in GDP and job market of the country. Construction practitioners aim to finish projects successfully. A project, if planned, designed and constructed in a way that it should meet the project goals and client satisfaction is termed to be successful. Various factors are involved in achieving a successful project and managing conflicts is a key one. This paper aims to investigate conflict level throughout life cycle of building sector construction projects. A qualitative survey followed by an SPSS analysis has been made to attain results. The study concludes that most of the conflicts occur in construction phase of any project followed by post construction phase, design phase and pre design phase. This paper helps the practitioners of this industry to make necessary policies and frameworks to reduce conflicts in building sector construction projects.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a unified and comprehensive system for all\nthat associated with the construction project, which includes a set of effective policies,\nprocedures, and computer applications that increase the level of performance in\nconstruction project during its life cycle. Through this study investigated the potential\nbenefits of using BIM in Iraq. The quantitative approach was adopted by conducting a\nquestionnaire directed to professionals in the field of construction projects in the\npublic and private sectors. Three hundred copies of the forms were distributed to the\nprivate companies and governmental institutions and departments. The data were\nsubjected to the appropriate statistical analysis and the results showed that the three\nhighest potential benefits of using BIM in Iraq are saving on the cost of the project,\nproviding high quality and fast data documentation system was minimizing change\norders
The adsorption of methylene blue dye on to treated sugarcane bagasse was investigated in batch system. The different factors namely dosage, initial pH, initial dye concentration and temperature on specific uptake of dye was examined using treated sugarcane bagasse in order to evaluate equilibrium kinetic parameters. In order to evaluate decay rate and mass transfer parameters namely diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient for adsorption of methylene blue on acid treated sugarcane bagasse, the film pore mass transfer model was considered. The experimental decay data is well in agreement with predicted data other than high concentration of dye solution.
In this paper, an abacus is established for a Flat-Plate Solar Collector (FPSC) of a solar dryer through an experimental study. In past work, the FPSC was designed and realized at the Laboratory of Process Engineering (University of Ouargla) in the south-east of Algeria and then experiments were carried out under climate conditions of Ouargla city. The experimental study has contributed to the comprehension of some phenomena occurring during operation, but, in this new research, the steps followed experimentally lead to the establishment of an abacus which characterizes the FPSC. Then, the Abacus allows determining collector efficiency and air temperature rise.
Pseudogynecomastia is increased of fat deposition in histology. This is a case of pseudogynecomastia that report in metal pressing worker who hold and immobilize a firm wood under their right armpit during the sharping of a metal plate and thereby sustained chronic vibration, pressure, and irritation to their pectoral and abdomen region over the months, and four years after remove of this work not improved.\npseudogynecomastia can cause by trauma in occupational field. Detection of relationship between parameters such as frequency and intensity of trauma and any influence on existence or degree of pseudogynecomastia need further studies with more cases.
In the present study the effect of capsaicin was studied on the PD model flies expressing human alpha synuclein. The PD flies were allowed to feed separately on the diet having 20, 40, 80 and 100 µM of capsaicin for 24 days. After 24 days of exposure, the fly head homogenate was prepared from each group and was used to estimate glutathione-S-transferase (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), Dopamine content; glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The exposure of capsaicin not only significantly increases the GSH, dopamine content but also reduced GST, MAO activity and PC content compared to unexposed PD flies (p<0.05). The results suggest the protective role of capsaicin against the PD symptoms.