The monitoring of reality is a cognitive function involved in the discrimination of the stimulating source (internal or external). To measure this process, verbal paradigm tasks are used without considering that recent neuroimaging discoveries give a central role in source discrimination by stimulating basal ganglia and prefrontal motor cortex. For this purpose, a game was devised using a system of objects of different shapes whose number is variable in addition to their speed and size, with the particularity that the subject can control only one of them, and the rest are under the control of the program. Thus, the subject must find out which figure is under his control employing the directionals. The methodology used is based on the paradigm of object-oriented programming; each geometric figure is created through the concept of class so that properties such as shape, figure, dimensions and behavior of objects are unique to each one. The main contribution is to have a precise non-verbal measure of the monitoring of reality, the time of discrimination of the source stimulated, as well as the errors made in the task and thus, matching these variables with other intervening variables to have a better knowledge of the nature of the process, to determine the role of motor feedback and in future research to have a cognitive marker that can be tested as an early predictor of schizophrenic spectrum disorders. These aspects are discussed at the end of the article.
Terpenoids are major components present in herbal formulations of Ginkgo biloba which are considered to slow down progression of Alzheimer disease. Ginkgolide A(GA), Ginkgolide B(GB), Ginkgolide C(GC), Ginkgolide M(GM), Ginkgolide J(GJ), Ginkgolide K(GK) and Bilobalide(BB) are some of the terpenoids selected for computational theoretical calculations using DFT theory at B3LYP/6-311+G*(d,p) basic set level using Gaussian 16W. To study the interaction between selected terpenoids and selected proteins, molecular docking analysis is carried out using Argus Lab (4.0.1) and Auto Dock (4.2). Calculations for binding energies between selected proteins and terpenoids are calculated on the basis of efficient shape-based search algorithm principle and a score base function. ADMET analysis is applied to understand and predict provide properties of terpenoids. Results from calculated data reveal that there are possible interactions between selected proteins and terpenoids. This data may help in development of potent protein kinase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer.
The specimens, magnetic properties materials, and microwave characteristics of Ni coated Fe and Co composites were researched by specimens produced by microwave furnace sintering at 1100°C temperature. A uniform nickel deposit on Fe-Co particles was coated previously to sintering by electroless coating deposition procedure. A composite consisting of quaternary additions, a metallic phase, Fe-Co inside of Ni matrix has been prepared under in a neutral atmosphere environment then microwave sintered. X-Ray Diffraction, SEM(Scanning-Electron-Microscope), Empedans Phase Analyzer were utilized to obtain structural data and to determine magnetic and electrical features such as dielectric and conductivity at the temperature range of 25-400C. The ferromagnetic resonance varied from 10 Hz to 1GHz and measurements were employed to characterize the features of the specimens. Empirical of findings obtained for the composition (Fe-%Co)50Ni at 1100°C recommend that the best conductivity and hardness were obtained with 50Ni addition at a sintering temperature of 1100°C.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD, bronchiectasis) are increasing in prevalence worldwide. The main task in the treatment of this diseases is to control the symptoms of the disease, prevent exacerbations and stop the progression. Effective treatment remains a problematic issue, given the pathogenetic features of these nosologies. An in-depth understanding of the effects of lung microbiome in pathology can shed light on these insufficiently studied issues, because in the human lungs is concentrated a huge number of microorganisms, which have a huge impact on body health and the development of its diseases. Each person is characterized by individually stable genotypes of microbial representatives. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of these microbiocenoses can have a significant impact on the development and course of lung diseases. Thus, Pseudomonas- and Haemophilus-dominant variants of the lung microbiome are associated with severe pulmonary pathology and frequent exacerbations. This review highlights the main studies of lung microbiome in pathology and possible prospects for its regulation for therapeutic purposes.
Stratospheric ozone depletion has led to an increase in the amount of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the earth\'s surface. A major concern has been developed about the effects of this harmful radiation on living systems. The organisms which are most affected are plants, which initiate diverse responses that affect plant physiology, morphology and biochemistry. Production of DNA photoproducts that cause inhibition of DNA replication and transcription is a well-known effect. Similarly, UV-B radiation affects the photosynthetic machinery. These alterations include reduction in Rubisco and photosynthetic activity, pigment content among others. The effects on photochemistry of photosystem II (PSII), the electron transport system and fluorescence parameters are the other main impacts on photosynthesis. In this study, the effect of UV-B radiation on DNA was analysed by using polymerization chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The effect on photosynthesis was determined through fluorescence emissions. The obtained data showed that photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (qN) were affected by UV-B radiation maybe due to a decrease in the amount of open reaction centers of PSII as indicated by the increased values of minimal (Fo) and Fm (maximal) fluorescence. The heat dissipation mechanism was also altered probably due to a decrease in the yield of Fm. Besides, DNA profile of UV-B irradiated plants showed important differences when compared to control plants. According to these findings, UV-B radiation affects the photosynthesis process and induces mutations at DNA level. Consequently, these changes influence yield and growth of plants, which is important to bear in mind due to the present climate scenario.
Large rivers are important links between continents and oceans for material flows that have a global impact on marine biogeochemistry. Processes in the catchment areas of large rivers can affect the flow of solutes into the global ocean. The aim was to determine how the concentration specific constituents of nutrients in the rivers of East Siberia changes depending on the active layer thickness of permafrost and to find out the role of seasonal permafrost thawing in the removal of nutrients into the Arctic ocean. The method of canonical-correlation analysis was applied to data on nutrients concentration in 12 largest rivers in East Siberia and active layer thickness in catchments. We found that in catchments with a deeper active layer, the concentration of nutrients such as ammonium ion (NH4) and total phosphorus (Ptotal) in the river waters is higher. The waters of mountain rivers in the south of the region (rivers Chara and Vitim) are the richest in nutrients. Arctic rivers such as Indigirka and Anabar have been found to be low in nutrients. Water permeability of soils also affects the export of nutrients to rivers with Horton overland flow. We conclude that under the global climate changes and the projected active layer deepening throughout the cryolithozone of the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in the supply of nutrients to the Arctic Ocean in the future is possible.
The main objective of this study was to establish the existence of a relationship between the scale of psychoticism and the levels of psychopathy of the PCL-R, determining the presence of associations between these two scales in women deprived of liberty. A type of descriptive and correlational research with a quantitative approach was adopted. The sample was formed from the analysis of the files of 116 women from the CRS Turi prison in the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The results show a high correlation between the two instruments used: PCL-R and EPQ-A, although there were variations according to age and marital status. No relationship was found between the variables of both instruments when crossed with schooling and type of crime. For the most part, and in conclusion, the results coincide with the literature.