Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is often used to estimate the parameters of circular logistic regression model due to its efficiency under a parametric model. However, evidence has shown that the classical MLE extremely affects the\nparameter estimation in the presence of outliers. This article discusses the effect of outliers on circular logistic regression and extends four robust estimators, namely, Mallows, Schweppe, BY , and weighted BY estimators, to the circular logistic regression model. These estimators have been successfully used in linear logistic regression models for the same purpose. The four proposed robust estimators are compared with the classical MLE through simulation studies. They demonstrate satisfactory finite sample performance in the presence of misclassified errors and leverage points. Meteorological and ecological datasets are analyzed for comparison.

In this note, following recent works [3, 6, 7 ], we make a new\napproach to a well known summability method corresponding to uniform\ndensity [2] which is also called uniform statistical convergence [1] and introduce\na new notion called Iu-convergence of order alpha (or uniform statistical\nconvergence of order alpha) and establish its basic properties and try\nto understand how this new approach affects the behaviors of the known\nsummability method.

Vinegar is a fermented food with a diversity of uses seasoning, salad dressing and flavouring for foods. Since ancient times it is considered a remedy for health and today there are different types of vinegar on the market, and many others are under development. Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of the new types of vinegars is necessary in order to improve them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare the physicochemical characteristics of vinegar obtained from banana peels (with or without boiling peels) at different ages, with those of commercial vinegars. The vinegar from banana peels was obtained and aged in our laboratory, while the commercial vinegars were purchased from local market. The physicochemical characteristics of all the samples were investigated before and after gastric and intestinal digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the mineral content of the vinegars. Also, statistical analysis of the results was performed by applying one-way Analysis of variance. Results showed that vinegar obtained from banana peels are clearer and total dry extract values are lower than those of commercial vinegars. Banana peel vinegars have higher antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content similar to the commercial balsamic vinegars. This study advances the knowledge in the field of vinegar production by using raw agricultural by-products.

We introduce a new class of sets named, slack 2-geodesic convex set on Riemannian manifolds and verify by a non-trivial example. We dene a geodesic E-pseudoconvex function with a suitable example. Some properties of geodesic E-quasiconvex function are discussed. We establish some relationships between slack 2-geodesic convex set, geodesic\nE-pseudoconvex function and geodesic E-quasiconvex function. Moreover, an application of geodesic E-quasiconvex function to a nonlinear programming problem is also presented.

The application of blockchain technology in the field of knowledge and intellectual capital management, due to the promotion of key indicators such as improving security in the context of non-forgery, unchangeable information, tracking, decentralization and transparency, leads to the application of this technology in knowledge and intellectual capital management. Their growth and promotion depends on the tacit knowledge and intellectual capital of their employees to be given more attention in advance. However, scientific contributions and successful applications of knowledge in this field are still scarce and are mostly in the proof stage. The empirical research in this paper is based on a study based on interviews with experts to discover and analyze the potential and barriers to the use of blockchain technology in the field of knowledge management and intellectual capital within the organization. Semi-structured interviews with the organization\'s experts have been used to further explain the promising methods in the organization to improve the efficiency of blockchain acceptance and meaningful research orientations for researchers. These findings include the undiscovered potential of knowledge sharing and collaboration networks, the expected evolutionary stages of the Internet of Things, and the elimination of intermediaries that lead to new business models such as token building and short-term rather than long-term relationships. Obstacles include staffing problems, legal uncertainty, loss of infrastructure and standardization, and unclear governance structures. Improving smart contract security and interoperability between private and public protocols will further expand technology.

This study aims to reveal the impact of corporate governance practices on R&D expenses and innovation costs. The businesses registered in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) with complete data regarding R&D and innovation costs for 2009-2017 were analyzed. The panel regression analysis performed through STATA 15.0 program revealed that the board size, number of independent board members, gender diversity in the board of directors, chairman’s tenure, board meeting frequency and the business scale have a statistically significant and positive effect on the realized R&D expenses. Furthermore, it was determined that the number of foreign members of the board of directors, board ownership and the organizational age have a statistically significant and negative effect on the nominal R&D expenses. However, it was also discovered that role duality and business scale have a statistically significant and positive impact. In contract the foreign member ratio on the board of directors and organizational age have a statistically significant and negative effect on innovation costs