Dark matter is observed enveloping massive central blakholes and leading to an uniform rotation of the galaxy around the blak hole over most of the galaxy cross-section.it is stipulated that dark matter otiginates from the central massive blak hole. By the fact that the speed of light is clode to infinity in the blak hole its matter through the Heissenberg uncertsinity principle appears outside the blak hole as virtual particles leading to the correct distribution of the density to cause the uniform rotation observed.

In the present paper a mathematical model of a smart cantilever beam with embedded shear sensors and actuators is developed. The smart cantilever beam model is developed using a piezoelectric sandwich beam element, which includes sensor and actuator embedded on discrete locations and a regular sandwiched beam element, which includes foam at the core. A FE model of a piezoelectric sandwich beam is developed using laminate beam theory in MATLAB®. Each layer behaves as a Timoshenko beam and the cross – section of the beam remains plane and rotates about the neutral axis of the beam, but it does not remain normal to the deformed longitudinal axis. Keeping the sensor and actuator location fixed in a SISO system, state space models of the smart cantilever beam is obtained. The proper selection of control technique is very important in order to obtain the better control. In the article POF controller and FOS feedback controller are designed to control the first three modes of vibration of the smart cantilever beam and their performances are compared on the basis of open loop response, closed loop responses with signal conditioning device and with controller gain, control signal amplitude are investigated. It is found that FOS controller provides better control than the POF controllers.

Zinc chloride catalyzed synthesis of a series of novel carboxamide derivatives bearing sulphonamide moiety is reported. The substituted benzenesulphonyl chlorides (1a-b) were treated with various amino acids (2a-h) to obtain the benzenesulphonamoyl alkanamides (3a-p) which were then treated with benzoyl chloride to obtain the N-benzoylated derivatives (5a-f and i-n). Further reactions of the N-benzoylated derivatives with 4-nitroaniline (6) using zinc chloride as a catalyst gave the sulphonamide carboxamide derivatives (7a-p) in excellent yields. The environmental ambiance, cheapness and abundance of zinc chloride used in this synthesis have a special advantage when compared to other catalysts used in direct amidation reaction. The problem associated with thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride and other chlorinating agent used in the synthesis of amides necessitates the search for new ambient, cheap and environmentally friendly methodologies of incorporating amide functionalities.

Research has shown that intellectual capital is a constantly evolving topic based on the contributions made by different schools of thought. The interrelation between innovation and intellectual capital is probably one of the most complex issues from the South American perspective, due to the fact that the new technological paradigm connected to the globalization process poses extraordinary challenges for the region. Therefore, this research aims to diagnose the intellectual capital in the leather and footwear SMEs industry in Tungurahua - Ecuador through the relationship with innovation management. The research is non-experimental since the phenomena are studied in their natural state in order to later analyze and explain them. It is of a mixed type, with emphasis on the qualitative approach. A low level of job satisfaction and stability was found in the analysis of human capital. In innovation, positive aspects were noted; however, the need for training in topics such as production, process engineering, cost of footwear, basic modeling, biomechanics in footwear, design and style stands out. Research on intellectual capital generates competitive advantages for the community and for companies based on the knowledge, skills and abilities of their workers

Certain risk factors cause eye diseases. One of the most common eye diseases includes Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and it can be classified into two stages: early-stage (Non-proliferative stage) and advanced stage (proliferative phase). In this proposed system, eye disease such as Diabetic Retinopathy is focussed. The detection steps involve pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The Electro Retinogram Signal (ERG) is recorded for a few seconds, and this captured signal is pre-processed to remove noises. In the processing step, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features are extracted. During the classifier\'s learning stage, these features train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In the testing stage, the patients\' MFCC features from the recorded ERG signal are extracted and compared with the features set used for training the classifier. From this comparison, the classifier will predict and classify DR and its severity. The system\'s average accuracy is 95%, and sensitivity and specificity are 94% and 97%, respectively. It is well-suited for working and aged people since they cannot go for frequent medical check-ups, and clinical diagnosing involves complex procedures.

Assessment and analysis of soil slopes stability are an important part of geotechnical engineering in all times. This paper examine the assessment of soil slope stability in fine-grained soils. The effect of change in shear strength (), shear stress () and slope angle () on the factor of safety has been studied. It correlates shear strength with slope angle and shear stress by considering horizontal seismic coefficient in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The slope failure surface was considered as circular slip surface. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Slide, a numerical modeling software and limit equilibrium slope stability analysis software respectively are used to find out the correlations between the three basic parameters. The slope angle was varied from 70 to 88 degrees and a total number of 200 analysis were performed. ,  and  are correlated and the correlations are provided in the result section. The result shows that the correlations developed between the parameters have a very close relationship. The developed equations applicability is above 99%. These correlations are applicable in any type of soil slope stability analysis, where the value of shear strength and factor of safety is required with the variation of slope angle and shear stress.